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Endometriosis
Overview
Endometriosis is a condition where tissue that resembles uterine lining grows outside of the uterus. It can make being pregnant more difficult and result in severe pelvic pain.
Endometriosis might appear during a person's first period and persist beyond menopause.
Endometriosis causes tissue that resembles the uterine lining to proliferate outside of the uterus. This causes swelling and the formation of scar tissue in the pelvic area and (occasionally) other parts of the body.
Endometriosis has no recognized cause. There is no known technique to avoid endometriosis. There is no cure, although medications or, in certain situations, surgery can be used to address the symptoms.
The continuous inflammatory response it causes may cause the pelvis and other regions of the body to form scar tissue (adhesions, fibrosis). There are many distinct forms of lesions: Cystic ovarian endometriosis (endometrioma), which is present in the ovaries, is primarily found as superficial endometriosis on the pelvic peritoneum.Rarely have organs such as the colon, bladder, and recto-vaginal septum been reported to have severe endometriosis.
Consulting Doctor
Based on a woman's symptoms and the results of a pelvic exam, a skilled gynecologist can be suspicious about endometriosis. Laparoscopy is currently the only procedure available to identify endometriosis.
Symptoms
Intense pelvic discomfort is a common side effect of endometriosis, particularly during menstruation. Some people experience pain while having sex or going to the bathroom. Getting pregnant might be challenging for some people.
Endometriosis can occur in adults who exhibit no symptoms. Pelvic pain, which is frequent in people who do, is one of the symptoms. Pain might be most apparent when: while urinating or pooping at a period before, during, or after intercourse.Some individuals also go through persistent pelvic discomfort.
Heavy bleeding both during and between periods difficulty becoming pregnant bloating or nausea exhaustion sadness or worry.
After menopause, symptoms frequently go better, but not always.
Causes
Endometriosis is a complex condition that affects many women worldwide from the beginning of their first period (menarche) until menopause, regardless of race or social background. Its development is assumed to be influenced by a wide range of circumstances. Endometriosis is now understood to develop as a result of: When menstrual blood with endometrial cells exits the body through the cervix and vagina during periods, it can return through the fallopian tubes . This is known as retrograde menstruation. Endometrial-like cells may be deposited outside the uterus as a result of retrograde menstruation, where they might develop and implant.
Cellular metaplasia is the process by which cells change into new forms.Outside of the uterus, cells transform into endometrial-like cells and begin to proliferate. Ectopic endometrial tissue may develop or persist as a result of several circumstances. For instance, endometriosis is known to be estrogen-dependent, which causes the disease's swelling, growth, and discomfort to worsen. However, since endometriosis does not always exist in the absence of estrogen, the link between estrogen and endometriosis is complicated.
Prevention
There is currently no known technique to stop endometriosis. Increased knowledge, followed by early diagnosis and treatment, may slow or stop the disease's natural development and lessen the severity of its symptoms over the long run, including perhaps lowering the chance of central nervous system pain sensitivity. Right now, there is no treatment.
Treatment
There is no cure for the illness.Endometriosis and its symptoms can be managed with a variety of drugs.Pain is frequently treated with NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines) and analgesics (painkillers), such as ibuprofen and naproxen.
Contraceptive (birth control) methods and hormone-based medications like GnRH analogues can both reduce pain. These techniques consist of Medications, hormonal IUDs, vaginal rings, implants, and injectable patches.For those trying to get pregnant, these techniques might not be appropriate.
Some women with endometriosis who are having trouble becoming pregnant use fertility drugs and treatments.Lesions, adhesions, and scar tissues caused by endometriosis can occasionally be removed surgically. Incisions can be kept small during laparoscopic surgery by employing a tiny camera to view inside the body.With a healthcare professional, go over your treatment options.
The effectiveness of a treatment depends on the patient, as do its adverse effects, long-term safety, cost, and accessibility.Increasing awareness can aid in early diagnosis. Early intervention can lessen long-term effects and prevent or stop the disease's natural development.People may receive further information and emotional support in nearby patient support groups in addition to speaking with their doctor.
Some treatments have drawbacks, and endometriosis-related symptoms might sometimes recur after treatment is over. The patient's effectiveness, undesirable side effects, long-term safety, costs, and accessibility all have an impact on the treatment option. Endometriosis patients who want to get pregnant shouldn't use most contemporary hormone therapy because they prevent ovulation.
Surgery is routinely used to alleviate symptoms of pain and increase pregnancy chances, depending on the severity of the disease. In addition, anomalies in the pelvic floor muscles can cause chronic pelvic pain, and lesions may return even after effective eradication. For central sensitization, secondary abnormalities of the pelvis, particularly the pelvic floor, and these diseases, some people may benefit from physiotherapy and complementary therapies. Laparoscopic surgical excision of endometriosis, ovarian stimulation with intrauterine insemination (IUI), and in vitro fertilization (IVF) are among the treatment options for infertility caused by endometriosis, however success rates vary.
Tests Required for Diagnosis
In order to suspect endometriosis, a thorough history of menstrual symptoms and chronic pelvic pain is required. No screening method or test has yet been proven to reliably identify or forecast individuals or populations that are most likely to have the disease, despite the fact that many have been developed and tested. Endometriosis frequently exhibits symptoms that resemble those of other diseases, which delays diagnosis.
Ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are frequently required for the detection of ovarian endometrioma, adhesions, and deep nodular types of illness. In order to establish a diagnosis, histologic confirmation is frequently performed after surgical or laparoscopic viewing, especially for the most prevalent superficial lesions. The start of experimental medical treatment shouldn't be delayed pending histologic or laparoscopic confirmation.
