Brain Stem Death

Overview

Brain stem death, also known as irreversible coma, is a condition that occurs when the brain stem, which controls basic life functions such as breathing and heartbeat, ceases to function. This condition is irreversible and is considered the legal definition of death in most countries. Brain stem death can be caused by traumatic brain injury, severe stroke, or lack of oxygen to the brain. Diagnosis of brain stem death involves a series of tests to confirm the absence of brain stem function. Treatment is focused on supporting the patient's organs for the purpose of organ donation, as brain stem death is the only way organs can be legally and ethically donated. It is important to note that brain stem death is different from a vegetative state, in which some brain stem functions are preserved.